• Review aircraft V-speeds
• Terms:
  • Takeoff Roll (Ground Roll)
  • Lift-off (Rotation)
  • Ground Effect
  • Initial Climb
  • Torque/P-Factor
  • Propeller slipstream
  • Headwind and Crosswind Components
• Pre-takeoff considerations
• Aircraft crosswind limitations
• Preflight check
• CTAF or ATC
• Wake turbulence
• Maintaining runway centerline during takeoff roll and climbout
• Crosswind correction during taxi and takeoff
• Ailerons/Elevator
• Crab
• Aircraft as weathervane
• Why takeoff into the wind?
• Noise abatement procedures

During Flight:

• Have student perform takeoff briefing, instructor corrects when needed
• Instructor talks student through the takeoff while student controls the airplane; instructor very closely monitors controls
• Instructor emphasizes applying slight pressure against resistance felt through the controls to prevent over-controlling the airplane
• Instructor emphasizes holding correct attitude for climbout after rotation

See aircraft AFM/POH

• Runway numbering conventions
• VFR vs. IFR runways
• Displaced threshold
• Blast pad/stopway
• Taxiway Markings
• Vehicle roadway markings
  • Solid white lines are boundaries
  • Dashed white lines separate lanes within roadway
• VOR receiver checkpoint markings
  • Painted circle w/ arrow in the middle pointing in direction of checkpoint azimuth
• Non-movement area boundary markings
  • Two yellow lines, one solid, one dashed
• Airport Signs – 6 Types (see PHAN Figures 12-3 & 12-4)
  • Mandatory Instruction Signs
    • White letters, red background
    • Entrance to runway, critical area, or prohibited area
  • Location signs
    • Yellow letters, black background, yellow border
    • Taxiway/runway location, boundary of runway, or ILS critical area
  • Direction Signs
    • Black letters, yellow background
  • Destination Signs
  • Information Signs
  • Runway Distance Remaining Signs
• Airport Lighting
  • Airport Beacon
  • Approach Light Systems
  • Visual Glideslope Indicators
    • VASI
    • PAPI
  • Runway Lighting
    • REILs
    • Runway edge lights
    • In-Runway lighting
  • Taxiway Lights
  • Obstruction Lights
  • Control of Airport Lighting
• Wind direction Indicators

• Altitude
• Entry
• Traffic pattern indicators
• Turn to crosswind within 300′ of pattern altitude
• Pattern legs

See AFH C. 7

• Review communications requirements for different airspace areas

• Radio License

• Radio equipment
  • VHF 720: 118.0 – 135.975 KHz
  • VHF 760: 118.0 – 136.975 KHz
  • Line-of-sight

• Discuss Phonetic alphabet AIM C. 4-2-7

• Discuss communication examples AIM C. 4

• Discuss hand signals AIM C. 4-2-25

• Discuss Light-gun signals PHAN Figure 12-14

• Discuss lost communication procedures appropriate to student level

See PHAN C. 12

See PHAN Figure 12-14

Pre-flight

• Review pre-takeoff checklist and discuss desired instrument indications
• Discuss lesson objectives

Pre-takeoff Check

• Instructor will walk student through the checklist and explain the desired instrument indications

Post-flight

• Evaluate flight and review material

See AFH C. 2-11

Pre-flight

• Review of aircraft controls
• Very brief review of control surfaces and aerodynamics
  • Explain effects of wind on aircraft on the ground and necessary compensation
  • Differences between conventional- and tricycle-gear aircraft
• Discuss lesson objectives

Ground Operation

• Instructor demonstrates how to apply wind correction for current conditions
• Student taxis airplane and applies wind correction and explains correction to instructor

Post-flight

• Evaluate flight and review material

See AFH C. 2-9

See AFH Figures 2-10 and 2-14

• Discuss startup procedures/checklist and reinforce importance of checklist usage
  • Aircraft position during startup
    • Prop blast related to people, objects, and debris
    • Position aircraft with space to maneuver after startup
  • Hand-propping
• EP briefing
• Review and perform pre-flight check procedures
• Discuss lesson objectives

Startup

• Instructor demonstrates once
• Student performs while talking through procedure

Post-flight

• Evaluate performance and review material covered

*Note: This lesson will be combined with the first flight lesson. The first flight lesson will be a continuance of this lesson.

See AFH C. 2-7

Student will demonstrate an understanding of the startup procedure by talking the instructor through the startup stating what the student is looking for at each step.

• Cockpit organization
  • Document organization and scan for loose articles that could interfere with flight controls or be tossed around during turbulence or maneuvering
  • Pilot must be able to see all references inside and outside the cockpit by adjusting the seat and/or using added seat cushions
  • Safety belts should be snug but all switches and dials should remain within reach
  • Insure that seats are in locked position
  • Passenger briefing

• Human resources
  • Include all individuals involved in a specific flight and are not limited to: weather briefers, flight line personnel, maintenance personnel, crewmembers, pilots, air traffic control personnel, and other pilots.
  • Pilot should utilize these people for decision making
  • Pilot should inform those involved of decisions made
  • Inquiry, advocacy, assertion (keys to communication)

• Hardware resources

• Information workload
  • Complete required tasks as soon as possible to minimize later workload

See Instrument Flying Handbook C. 1-13

See Airplane Flying Handbook C. 2-7

• Required items on board airplane (ARROW)
  • Airworthiness Certificate
  • Registration Certificate
  • FCC radio station license, if required by the type of operation
  • Airplane operating limitations (AFM/POH, placards, instrument markings, or any combination thereof)
  • Weight and Balance

• Inside the cockpit

• Outer wing surfaces and tail section

• Fuel and oil

• Landing gear, tires, and brakes

• Engine and propeller

See Airplane Flying Handbook, C. 2

See airplane checklist

• Structure of the atmosphere
  • Atmospheric pressure
    • Temperature/pressure lapse rates
  • Pressure altitude
    • Standard datum plane
  • Density altitude
    • Effects of pressure on density
    • Effects of temperature on density
    • Effect of humidity on density

• Performance
  • Power – work per unit time
  • Thrust – the force that imparts a change in the velocity of a mass
  • Straight-and-level
  • Climb performance
    • Reserve power
  • Range performance
    • Specific range
    • Specific endurance
    • Cruise control
    • Lift/Drag ratio
    • Brake specific fuel consumption
    • Brake horse power
  • Ground Effect
  • Region of Reversed Command
  • Runway surface and gradient
  • Water on runway and dynamic hydroplaning

• Takeoff/Landing Performance

• Performance Speeds

• Performance Charts
  • Interpolation
  • Density altitude charts
  • Takeoff charts
  • Climb and cruise charts
  • Crosswind and headwind component chart
  • Landing charts
  • Stall speed performance charts

See PHAN C. 9 Figures